My Philosophy Of Education It Is Student Centered

My philosophy of education it is student centered, where teachers are facilitators contributing to optimize student’s potential. Educators should be equipped to serve, prepare, and help students to build a promising future full of opportunities. My vision as an educator is to optimize human potential. As an educator, I believe that students have the potential to learn, to apply in real life experiences what they have learned, and to serve equitably a diverse world. All students should have the access to an outstanding and excellent education where new challenges and higher expectations are embedded in the educational process. Areas such as intellect, emotions, and even physical are molded by an educator. Teachers are like potters; students are like vessels. Potters can construct a vessel or destroy it in the process. There is a lot of responsibility on teachers’ shoulders. Teachers need to guide and help students to be successful academically. Through education lives ar e transformed, knowledge is created, and students become future professionals to serve the world. Second language acquisition is a challenging process for any person. It requires time in order to master a second language. First language acquisition comes naturally without the person having to make a big effort in order to communicate with others. Teachers need to be sensitive to the student community. Every year I receive English Language Learners who struggle due to the language barrier. For some of them theShow MoreRelatedDraft Of Personal Philosophy Statement1268 Words   |  6 Pages7-2 Final Project Milestone Three: Draft of Personal Philosophy Statement In the field of higher education, I will welcome with open arms, accept, affirm, and celebrate all students by creating an environment that is equal and inclusive for all people regardless of their race, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, cultural background, religion, family structure, economic status, learning ability, linguistic ability, and/or learning style. I will create an environment that includes positive, challengingRead More My Student-centered Teaching Philosophy Essay690 Words   |  3 PagesMy Student-centered Teaching Philosophy What makes a good teacher? There are many factors that determined the answers to this question. The most dominant factor is the teaching philosophy. It plays a significant role in the teaching career because it determines what the teacher will teach and how he/she will teach. Personally, my teaching philosophy will be student-centered with the combination of three related theories, and emphasis on each student’s individual needs, and teachingRead MoreChapter 8- Philosophy Of Education Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesZittleman, K.R. (2013). Teachers, Schools, and Society. (10th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill. Chapter 8- Philosophy of Education pp. 250-257 The author mentions four elements of philosophies in education that may center on teachers and centered on students. Teacher- Centered Philosophies are mostly emphasizes the importance of transferring knowledge, information, and skills. One teacher-centered philosophy is Essentialism. Essentialism teaching the back to basic approach, which centers ‘building knowledgeRead MoreThe Teacher Centered Philosophies Of Education1098 Words   |  5 Pagesand science, writing and also reading. Teacher-centered philosophies of education require that children are educated using certain methods put into action by their teacher, as opposed to student-centered philosophies. Teaching methods are formed according to the needs and learning styles of individual students. Teacher-centered philosophies force the student to adjust to the teacher; with student-centered philosophies, the teacher adjusts to the student. An essentialist curriculum is structured toRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Education And Education Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe philosophy of education is not a topic that can be fully taught and understood by reading and studying a textbook, or a few textbooks for that matter. I believe that the philosophy of education is somewhat subjective, rather than objective, and that there exists numerous answers to what is the â€Å"philosophy of education†. I feel that one’s answers can not be expressed with a single word nor a sentence; and that one has to â€Å"experience† rather than just read to find the answer. Yes, a huge part ofRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1335 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Finding Your Philosophy of Education Quiz.† While I enjoyed learning about the different philosophies and psychological influences of teaching, I prefer constructivism, social reconstruction, and progressivism due to their student-centered learning, hands-on or project based learning style, while making efforts to improve the world around them. I will be discussing why I chose progressivism, social reconstruction, and constructivism as my preferences, as well as the role of teachers and students in a democracyRead MoreAspects of Several Theories of Education956 Words   |  4 Pagesare several theories of education. There are teacher centered and student centered ones, each one has its pros and cons. Educators use all different kinds of philosophy, many even combine philosophies. .After researching and observing different ways of teaching I have found I like a lot of them but only few aspects of each. I do believe in a student centered atmosphere so Progressivism and Reconstructionism are most logical choices. Progressivism focuses on the students benefits, this theory allowsRead MoreI Am A Professional Teacher Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagesteacher, it takes skill to train young minds. Education is extremely important to go through. Teachers have many different philosophies to choose from when teaching in a classroom. Out of the five philosophies, I ranked the highest in Essentialism and Progressivism. Both of these philosophies are taught entirely different from each other. Essentialism is teacher-centered learning and expresses the teaching by the core curriculum. Progressivism is student-centered learning and expresses the teaching by doingRead MoreSoren Kierkegaard And The Existentialist Philosophy1116 Words   |  5 Pages 2. The Existentialist philosophy, started by Soren Kierkegaard, focuses on self-directed education, finding answers within yourself. Students are not graded because all standards come from themselves. This philosophy emphasizes freedom of choice and mind, and that authentic creative thinking leads to true learning experiences (Cohen). The teacher helps students find their passions and understand who they are. Existentialism has never become prevalent in schools because it is difficult to apply inRead MoreWhy I Should Be A Teacher1076 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant because not all jobs have that. I feel like in order to be a teacher I need to have compassion for My students. As a teacher, I want to care for my students and show them appreciation. I want my students to succeed in what they want in life. According to Ferlazzo (2015), â€Å"Students work hardest for teachers they like and respect. When I am asked, â€Å"How do I get students to like and respect me?† my immediate response is, ‘Like and respect them first.’† I believe this whole heartedly because I have

Essay on Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton - 736 Words

Cry, the Beloved Country is such a controversial novel that people tend to forget the true meaning and message being presented. Paton’s aim in writing the novel was to present and create awareness of the ongoing conflict within South Africa through his unbiased and objective view. The importance of the story lies within the title, which sheds light on South Africa’s slowly crumbling society and land, for it is the citizens and the land itself which are â€Å"crying† for their beloved country as it collapses under the pressures of racism, broken tribes and native exploitation. Paton is able to convey the idea of racial injustice and tension thoroughly throughout the novel as he writes about the tragedy of â€Å"Christian reconciliation† of the†¦show more content†¦They are then left to work with low wages and forced to endure poor living conditions leading these oppressed blacks to commit unreasonable crimes. Msimagu explains to Kumalo that the whi te men have â€Å"broken the tribe† and he that it is why the young black people are breaking the law and committing crimes. He explains that, â€Å"The tragedy is not that things are broken. The tragedy is that they are not mended again†¦It suited the white man to break the tribe, but it has not suited him to build something in the place of what is broken† (56). It is hard for the black natives to ever forgive the white people for stealing their country and their resources while destroying their culture but how can the white people ever face the seriousness of their crimes. The title supports the overall feeling the natives feel as they cry for liberty and freedom as they strive to better themselves. In Cry, the Beloved Country, Paton explores another main theme seen through the title, the destruction of the native tribes caused by the whites. Paton paints a picture of the beautiful and rich valley, then describes the valley in which Kumalo and his tribe inhabi ts, which is drastically barren and â€Å"cannot hold the rain.† It is a valley of â€Å"old men and old omen† that is deteriorating because the young people are not there to help take care of itShow MoreRelatedCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton1076 Words   |  5 PagesAlan Paton who was a South African author and anti-apartheid activist wrote the novel Cry, the Beloved Country, The novel publication in 1948 was just before South Africa institutionalized racial segregation under Apartheid. Paton addresses the destruction of the tribal system in South Africa due to white colonization by using the novel as a medium to illustrate is damage. Throughout the novel we are exposed to the numerous problems resulting from the colonization. Communities are in collapse, theRead MoreCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton838 Words   |  3 Pagesindividuals. Alan Paton examines this problem in Cry, the Beloved Country. Throughout the story, Paton adds specific personalities t o his characters to contribute to change. Characters in Cry, the Beloved Country went through hardships that changed them to realize reality and its outcomes. Paton accordingly creates a picture throughout his story to explain the problems in South Africa. There are many contributing factors of Paton’s idea to identify as being important for change to occur in Cry, the BelovedRead MoreCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton696 Words   |  3 PagesCry, the Beloved Country is a novel with remarkable lyricism written by Alan Paton. Born as a white South African, Alan Paton grew up during a time period marked by racial inequality and later became an activist against apartheid. He was a devout Christian so many of his writings reflect Christian faith. As an activist, he wrote many books about South Africa and racial injustice. While traveling around Europe, he began writing Cry, the Beloved Country, which was published in 1948. That same yearRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton1155 Words   |  5 Pages Cry, The Beloved Country by Alan Paton is a stunning and all too accurate depiction of apartheid in South Africa. Even though the novel centers on John Kumalo and his struggling family, it subtly shows the social going ons of South Africa supposedly in 1948, when the book was written. Strong examples of this come across in the choral chapters of the novel. These chapters give voice to the people of South Africa. Chapter nine shows the struggles of being black during apartheid, chapter 12 shows theRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country, By Alan Paton1373 Words   |  6 Pagesescape with various routes, but an escape that interestingly calls back to the nature of innocence and child-like questions. It is in this way that Alan Paton’s enduring novel, Cry, The Beloved Country, takes on a unique and refreshing approach to a basic question: that of the equality and dignity of all people. Throughout Cry, The Beloved Country, Paton exudes frequent references to childhood, a devout religiosity, and of course, a return to simple questions; all of which contribute the idea of innocenceRead MoreCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton778 Words   |  4 Pagesfront to give it the opposite meaning. Therefor e, it means a land free of cold and horror. It’s such an ironic name for a country where people are living their lives with hunger and fear. The conditions in South Africa during mid-1900 were even worse than they are today. Alan Paton addresses these issues in his novel, Cry, the Beloved Country, published in 1948. Paton uses two contrasting places to present his view of South Africa while suggesting solutions. The desolate village of NdotsheniRead MoreImagery In Cry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton768 Words   |  4 Pagesnoises, etc, as did the roles in the novel. Alan Paton uses a strong voice packed with imagery in his passage, â€Å"For they grow red and bare; they cannot hold the rain and mist, and the streams are dry in the kloofs. Too many cattle feed upon the grass, and too many fires have burned it. Stand shod upon it, for it is coarse and sharp, and the stones cut under the feet. It is not kept or guarded, or cared for, it no longer keeps men, guards men, cares for men† (Paton, 34). The overwhelming senses of touchRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton Reconciliation981 Words   |  4 PagesDespite the violence depicted amongst the whites and blacks of South Africa, in Cry, The Beloved Country by Alan Paton reconciliation and the spirit of unity present themselves through two men: Reverend Kumalo and James Jarvis. To be able to reconcile and unite with others, people must first be able to look inward and come to peace with themselves. One of the main struggles throughout Cry, The Beloved Country emanates from within the characters, as they try to come to terms with events. StephenRead MoreAlan Paton s Cry, The Beloved The Country1358 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Blacks, leading up to the Civil War, and during the Apartheid, the Natives were segregated from the Whites. In Alan Paton’s Cry, the Beloved the Country, the main character Stephen Kumalo goes through a journey to restore his tribe. During his journey, he discovers and learns of the injustices in South Africa. Through the parallels and contradictions of biblical allusions, Alan Paton is able to explain the impact of racial inequality in South Africa, but signifies how unconditional love and hopeRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton Analysis929 Words   |  4 Pages It is no new information that God tends to take the ordinary people out of their normal lives and make something great out of them. This is exactly what happened to Stephen Kumalo in the book Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton. It is those are are broken and imperfect that God sees something special through. Taking these people out of their brokenness and make the world better through them. Like all the other ordinary people that got brought up by God, Stephen Kumalo’s journey was no different

Issue Of Preference Shares Is Corporations-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Is The Issue Of Preference Shares Is Corporations? Answer: Introducation The central issue in the given case is to determine if Grand Ltd can issue 5,000 new preference shares on the same terms as existing preference shares. The relevant statute governing the issue of the preference shares is Corporations Act 2001. In accordance with section 124 of this Act, the company has the right to issue various classes of shares including the preference shares (Cassidy, 2013). However, as per section 254A Corporations Act 2001, the preference share issue may be conducted by the company only if the rights related to the same are clearly defined either in the constitution of the company or have obtained approval through a special resolution. The various aspects on which there must be objective clarity are outlined below (Austlii, 2017a). Capital Repayment Surplus assets and profits related participation Nature of dividends (i.e. cumulative or non-cumulative) Voting rights associated Priority in relation to dividend and capital payment when compared with other class of shares Also, in accordance with section 246C, issuance of preference shares on the same terms would alter the rights of the current preference shares (Austlii, 2017c). Application In light of the given facts, it is apparent that Grand Ltd (the issuing entity) has already issued 5,000 preference shares after the registration through the special resolution route which has defined the rights of preference shares. In line with s. 254A, one possible manner of issuance of preference share is based on the rights mentioned in the Constitution of the company which is not valid in the given case as the issuing entitys Constitution is silent on future preference share issue. Thus, the company using special resolution of the members for issuance of incremental 5,000 preference shares can go ahead with the transaction exhibited the right granted by s. 124.However, since the company intends to issue them on same conditions as existing preference shares, thus the rights of the current preference shareholders may be adversely impacted particularly at the time of bankruptcy or liquidation. Also, dividend payment may be adversely impacted and hence the approval from the existin g shareholders would not be unanimous. Thus, it is highly likely that the permission may not be granted (Austlii, 2017b). Based on the above discussion, it may be concluded that Grant Ltd can issue incremental preference shares by passing a special resolution of members but taking unanimous permission of the existing preference shareholders could be difficult which can put the plan in jeopardy. Whenever, there is splitting of the shares into various classes, then variation of rights may happen which is determined by s. 246C. As per this, if the division of shares into more classes, then there is variation of rights if the shares belonging to the different classes do not carry the same right while earlier they enjoyed the same rights. Thus, in such a situation since rights of certain shareholders are adversely impacted, it is imperative to seek the written consent of the existing shareholders (Ciro and Symes, 2013). With regards to resolution or consent, there needs to be unanimous support. In the absence of the same, s. 246D would be applicable. This advocates that when the approval is not unanimous, then the matter may land in court if a minimum of 10% of the shareholders lodge a complaint (Austlii, 2017d). As per the given facts, it is apparent that there would be variation of rights as the Audax family which owns about 60% shares would get two votes per share (Class A) while the remaining shareholders would only get one vote per share (Class B). As a result, the interests and rights of the minority shareholders would be adversely impacted and hence it is imperative that a unanimous approval of the shareholders would be required. However, in this given case it would fail to come as there is no incentive for the 40% minority shareholders to agree to the given scheme of division. If the Audax family does push the resolution through the support of some other shareholders, still it is likely that the matter will land up in court and the judge will nullify the proposed scheme. The relevant rule is s. 246C as per which if the company tends to issue a new class of shares which currently does not exist, then issuance of the same may impact the rights of the existing shareholders if the rights available to the new shareholders are not same as the current shareholders (Austlii, 2017c). Thus, in such a situation since rights of certain shareholders are adversely impacted, it is imperative to seek the written consent of the existing shareholders. With regards to resolution or consent, there needs to be unanimous support. In the absence of the same, s. 246D would be applicable. This advocates that when the approval is not unanimous, then the matter may land in court if a minimum of 10% of the shareholders lodge a complaint (Austlii, 2017d). In the given case, since the majority shareholder Audax family wants to raise additional capital in the form of equity but without dilution of their control, then they wish to issue class B shares to new investors. This may impact the rights of the existing shareholders particularly considering that these are also being issued at $ 5. In the given case, the existing shareholders would not allow of class B shares as it results in the Audux family keeping control instead of diluting their stake in case they do not wish to assume incremental debt. Thus, it is likely that the resolution would not be passed unanimously and hence it could potentially be annulled through legal intervention. Conclusion Based on the above, it is apparent that the Grant Ltd would not be able to issue class B shares at $ 5. References Austlii (2017a). CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 - SECT 254A, Power to issue bonus, partly-paid, preference and redeemable preference shares. [online]. Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s254a.html [Accessed 10 Aug.2017]. Austlii (2017b). CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 - SECT 254B, Terms of issue. [online]. Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s254b.html [Accessed 10 Aug.2017]. Austlii (2017c). CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 - SECT 246C, Certain actions taken to vary rights etc. [online]. Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s246c.htmln [Accessed 10 Aug.2017]. Austlii (2017d). CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 - SECT 246D, Variation, cancellation or modification without unanimous support of class. [online]. Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s246d.html [Accessed 10 Aug.2017]. Cassidy, J. (2013) Corporations Law Text and Essential Cases. 4th edn. Sydney: Federation Press. Ciro, T. and Symes, C. (2013) Corporations Law in Principle. 9th edn. Sydney: LBC Thomson Reuters

Iroquois Constitution free essay sample

The Iroquois Constitution forms the first democratic republic and example of sovereign governance by the consent of a people in North American history. The confederacy of the League of Five Nations, who constructed the Iroquois Constitution, preceded the European colonization. Historical records and references provide evidence of the strong influence the Iroquois legislative process and constitution had on shaping the ideas and words of the US Constitution.Specific and distinct similarities unquestionably mark the Iroquois Constitution as a strongly Influential del Americas founding fathers used in forming our united States Constitution, despite criticism to the contrary. The connection between the two is referred to as the Influence Theory. The precise date of origination of the Iroquois Constitution is difficult to place, since no written language existed. The oral record was committed to memory, and passed down to the children through song and storytelling. The only tangible artifacts preserved were beaded belts of shells. We will write a custom essay sample on Iroquois Constitution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Historians often have noted the Iroquois oratorical skills and their excellence with the spoken word. The oral history of the Iroquois is imprecise, and some sources place the date of their constitution as early as 1100 AD while others Insist It was later, about 1450-1500 AD. Scholars use the first recorded league Grand Council in 1 535, called the Welcome at the Woods Edge by French Explorer Jacques Carrier, as a reference point, establishing that the confederacy had been established before then (Favor 31).Though the specific years are not determined, the outside range makes it unquestionable that, in any case, Iroquois had established it well before the illumination. All the Iroquois woodland Indians people spoke the same language, believed in the same gods and had many similar customs, but there was endless infighting. The legend tells that long ago, the Creator sent Peacemakers to teach cooperation and tolerance to the most powerful tribes. These Peacemakers, one a tribal lord of the Mohawk, Designated, and the other an Onondaga chief, Hiawatha, brought peace and unity through t he shared common heritage and values of the people.The devotion to peace principles and rules by which this confederacy would over, were recognized by the natives as Great Laws of Peace, and have become known to us as the League of the Five Nations, and the Iroquois Constitution. Their great Laws were recorded on 1 14 beaded wampum belts, each one designed to provide specific visual reminders to communicate long and complex set of provisions that outlined the confederacy devotion to peace, mutual assistance, tolerance, and protection of members individual liberties from common threats. _) Its provisions organized the leaders to be responsible for the larger community by viding the League of Nations into subdivisions called moieties. The Mohawk and Seneca tribes were regarded as older brothers, an upper house (like the US Senate), and the Oneida and Cayuga as younger brothers, a lower house (like the US House of Representatives). The Onondaga held the status and title of the Fire Keepers, and their land as the Capitol of the confederacy, so that council meetings were to be convened on the Onondaga land, where the wampum belts and other symbols were collected.One can readily draw the parallels to the branches of the US government, here Americas symbols and its key historical documentation are likewise collected. The Iroquois Constitution allowed each nation to govern itself, but under the guidance and intent of the Great Law of Peace. In this way, too, a strong parallel is seen in the American architecture of federalism, in which the individual states govern themselves, but only in concert with the higher authority of the federal government (Holcomb 25). The governing body of the Five Nations was entrusted in a Grand Council of chiefs, fifty sachems to represent the respective nations in lattice decisions and actions of confederacy. The term sachems, in the oral tradition, distinguishes them from other kinds of chiefs. Grinded and Johannes, in Exemplar of Liberty, seek to draw a parallel to the forty-eight delegates proposed by Benjamin Franklin in the Albany Plan.In the Iroquois Constitution, the first North American political document to divide the responsibility among deliberative councils, the Grand Council served as the principle lawmaking body responsible to the larger community, and the council of five war chiefs served as advisors to the Grand Council regarding issues of warfare. That is similar to our Joint chiefs serving as advisors to our American commander in chief, the President. The Grand Council balanced its internal powers, designating the Mohawk as the leaders, as they were the foundation of the Great Peace. If they opposed any resolution, the Grand Council could not pass it. The requirement for unanimous agreement accounted for the essential representation of the individual members interests, and for their compliance. Unanimous decision-making is a crucial requirement and foundation of the Grand Chiefs, although not with equal representation by the nations, and that goes differ greatly from the foundation and ideology of the American Founding Fathers, a distinction not lost on the Influence Theory critics. Another significant difference critics of the Influence theorists point out is that the Iroquois culture, as a matriarchal society, gave a traditional role for women to have power in the leadership.Upon marriage the Iroquois husband Joined his wifes clan, and kinship was traced though the women. Chiefs who were, in fact, chosen by the oldest living female, or clan mother, led the clans. The sachems were nominated through the clan mothers. This gave the women an equal role in power and leadership of government, whereas American woman would wait over 130 years to have an official voice, and only recently have begun to have truly consequential influence of a magnitude their Iroquois predecessors had long exercised. Numerous sources concur with the thesis that the Iroquois Constitution had a strong influence on the founding fathers.One of the first historical recognitions recorded by the European colonists of the Iroquois Confederacy was by the Dutch, after they had allied with a neighboring tribe that challenged the Five Nations in 1624. McIntosh 22) That alliance baffled the Iroquois, because they had no issues with the Dutch and did not understand their involvement. Following victory by the Iroquois, they assembled a Two Row Wampum belt to explain the Great Laws of Peace to the newcomers and acknowledge mutual respect. That Wampum belt was white, with two purple rows down the middle.The rows depicted the straight courses that each group of people was responsible for steering to maintain peace, indicating that neither side should attempt to interfere with or force upon the other laws, traditions, languages or annotation is the speech by an Onondaga Chief, Scantest, whom the colonial represent atives in Pennsylvania invited to attend a treaty conference they held in Lancaster in 1744. Chief Candidates speech encouraged the unification of the colonies. He stated, Divided, a single man may destroy you. United, you are a match for the whole world (http://federations. Rig/Algonquin. HTML). Following that conference Chief Scantest bestowed on Benjamin Franklin a bundle of five arrows to symbolize the solidarity and loyalty of the five nations. Canteens speech reminded he representatives that separately they were vulnerable, but together they were strong. This symbolism can be found today on the one-dollar bill, with the olive branch in one eagle talon and 13 arrows in the other. Franklin published numerous pamphlets of the proceeding of the Grand Chiefs in the Pennsylvania gazette during his appointment head of Indian Affairs (Morgan).It would be a very strange thing if Six Nations of Ignorant Savages should be capable of forming a Scheme for such an Union and be able to execute it in such a manner, as that it has subsisted Ages, and appears indissoluble, and yet a like Union should be impracticable for ten or a dozen English colonies. Benjamin Franklin to James Parker, 1751 Franklins essential inquiry was, If the Iroquois can do it, then why cant we colonists? At the Albany conference in 1754, Franklin proposed a colonial plan for a single legislature and a president general.His plan recognized individual dynamics and differences of each colony, and allowed for the retention of individual constitutions for each colony. Franklins idea would allow colonies to choose their own speakers, who would also lied a veto power in regard to decisions made within the Grand Council (the name was Franklins). Franklins plan in the division of the number representatives was based on population and military force, as tradition determined in the Iroquois system Enhances). Thomas Jefferson, representing thought of the Enlightenment period, shared Franklins respect for core values also found in the native Indian traditions. Jefferson writings referred often to pursuit of happiness and the consent of the governed, and prized notions of independence. Popular belief holds hat Jefferson drew inspiration from the Iroquois Constitution, and his interactions doubtless helped shape his own social values and philosophical beliefs about governance. Jefferson writings reflect the impact of the Iroquois concepts clearly in inalienable rights of individuals, and in a power for the people to impeach leaders who do not behave in the interest of its members, or who break the laws of the constitution.Profound support for the Influence Theory is founded in an official invitation to 21 Iroquois chiefs in May 1776 to participate in meetings of the Continental Congress. The Iroquois chiefs were provided lodging in the State house in Pennsylvania for several weeks leading up to the signing of the American Declaration of Independence. The chiefs addressed the delegates, even giving John Hancock the Indian name Grandaunt, or t he Great Tree. James Wilson asserted that Indians know the striking benefits of Confederation, and we have an example of it in the Union of the Six Nations Enhances). The influence the Iroquois Constitution and their ideology of the Great Laws of Peace are undeniably reflected in both the satirical record, and in the construction of our American Constitution, including its Bill of Rights. Other specific similarities between the Iroquois Constitution and the individual liberties and property, powers of war, rules of adoption, treason or secession of a nation; and laws of emigration. Daly) Many writers have recognized the Influence Theory, that the Iroquois Constitution was a most influential model used by the founding fathers to develop the United States Constitution. Critics, however, refute that theory, and assert that those writers have used carelessly unsupported statements, and even manipulated quotations, changing the referential basis of inferences that the founding fathers were replicating the Iroquois legislative form of governance. Elisabeth Took, a particularly outspoken critic, labels the influence thesis a scholarly misapprehension ( Levy, p. 98). Some critics suggest the Influence theorists literary accounts have exaggerated the founding fathers encounters with the Iroquois chiefs, and have taken them out of context. Others have expressed outrage that the Influence theory discredits the founding fathers as true idealists who originated such notions as protection of individual liberties, and leadership by the consent of the people; and above all, discredits recognition of the US Constitution as the rightful claimant of embodiment of the first Democratic form of Government in the western hemisphere.

Congo River in Heart of Darkness Essay Example

Congo River in Heart of Darkness Essay These extracts, Marlow’s voyage up the Congo River in Heart of Darkness and the protagonist’s inspired exploration through the Congo’s most perilous terrain in Blood River contrast sharply. Physical suffering dominates a large role in the theme of danger with conventions such as the river and its surroundings being a staple of the theme. These extracts use physical and mental anguish to illustrate various and comparable conceptions of danger. Both Conrad and Butcher are describing a river journey along the Congo River in Africa. The river is treacherous and the journey is difficult; and they can only guess what lies further inland. However, both texts have a different purpose. Conrad was writing in 1898 and is openly criticising society’s beliefs at the time that colonial power is progressive and superior to other powers. Due to its critical nature it is considered as one of the earliest modern novels; because the novella is shedding a new light over the notion of colonialism and the bleak destruction it has both for the Africans and the Europeans who are colonising it. Unlike Heart of Darkness, Blood River is a travelogue, non-fiction contemporary journey of H.M Stanley’s 1874-77 expedition; which Butcher himself is recreating. We will write a custom essay sample on Congo River in Heart of Darkness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Congo River in Heart of Darkness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Congo River in Heart of Darkness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Although Heart of Darkness was one of the first literary texts to provide a critical view of European imperial activities, it was initially read by critics as anything but controversial. The novella was typically read as a condemnation of an adventurer who could easily take advantage of imperialism’s opportunities. Conrad’s decision to set the novella in a Belgian colony and to have Marlow work for a Belgian trading concern made it even easier for British readers to avoid seeing themselves reflected in Heart of Darkness. Although these early reactions seem ludicrous to a modern reader, they reinforce the novella’s central themes of hypocrisy and absurdity. Conrad’s style of writing is highly descriptive which is to be expected of an early twentieth century novel. His lexis choice â€Å"profound anguish† and â€Å"excessive toil† sound slightly archaic and formal for contemporary readers. The writer is highlighting the fact that the forest is dangerous and savage as the forest natives take â€Å"possession of an accursed inheritance.† This suggests that Conrad is critical of the colonial authority which is implied through the use of the noun â€Å"inheritance†. The modifier â€Å"accursed† gives the impression that the natives are in some way associated with the devil. Religious beliefs at the time were beginning to be challenged and this is demonstrated through this lexis choice. Butcher also mirrors the theme of danger through the use of dialogue in his writing. The narrator mentions the menacing threat of malaria on the plight of the Congolese, through speaking with another passenger onboard the perilous pirogue. Through the use of dialogue the writer harnesses the reader’s attention as Butcher provides a real life account of the physical suffering that affects Africans quotidian. Conrad presents danger with a semantic field through the use of the lexical choice: trees and the Congo Riverbanks. Conrad’s style of writing also contains many instances of contradictory language, reflecting Marlow’s difficult and uncomfortable position. The steamer, for example, â€Å"tears slowly along† the riverbank: â€Å"to tear† usually indicates great speed or haste, however, the oxymoronic addition of â€Å"slowly† immediately strips the phrase of any discernible meaning and adds a tone of absurdity. Butcher also uses contradictory language when describing the pirogue through the use of juxtaposition. â€Å"Its bow slid onto our bank with the lightest of kisses. The dreadnought was heavy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The idiom lightest of kisses =

The Glass Menagerie Amanda Analysis Essays

The Glass Menagerie Amanda Analysis Essays The Glass Menagerie Amanda Analysis Paper The Glass Menagerie Amanda Analysis Paper Essay Topic: The Glass Menagerie Mantas controlling behavior is what drove Mr.. Winnfield away, and is now s erring her son, Tom, toward a similar escape. This essay will explore several Of the symbols, b e they objects or events, Tennessee Williams uses to illustrate Amanda Winnfield as a character who, tragically, cannot move forward from her past. Two objects that really stand out are the cheap or imitation velvety looking CLC 10th coats, and especially the imitation fur collar that she always wears when going out in society (Scene II peg. 55). Both of them represent that Amanda is still trying to live in her pa SST as a southern belle with fancy clothing because they are both imitations of her past glam r and lavish clothes. One event that shows us that Amanda wants to remain a youthful bell el also occurs in the beginning of the play as well: it tells us that she resurrected [a dress] from that old trunk! (Williams, Scene VI, Peg. 769) and talks about receiving seventeen gentlemen c lealer one Sunday afternoo n in Blue Mountain. This shows that she is stubborn and is willing to do anything to convince herself that she is still the belle she once was. Vicar 2 Another important event that occurs in the beginning of the play is that we el ran that Amanda spends a lot of her time gazing at Mr.. Windshields portrait. Perhaps the is means that she misses Mr.. Winnfield even if she refuses to admit Also in Scene Ill, Amanda is described as wearing a very old bathrobe of the faithless Mr. Winnfield (Williams, Scene Ill, Peg; 759), so we can assume that Amanda is haunted by the rejection of the love of her life and the memory of her absent husband. Williams uses Mantas behavior towards Tom to show that she cares because she doesnt want him to turn out like his father. She badgers him to behave the way she expects him to, how to eat, where to go, and how to get ahead in his job, but as a result of Mantas controlling nature, the Winnfield family gets into a complicated situ action and all Tom wants to do is escape from the apartment, from this suffocating life ultimately Williams uses three symbols that reveal and develop Mantas character. On e is the character Jim OConnor: for Amanda, Jim represents the days of her youth, who en she went frolicking about picking flowers and supposedly having seventeen gentlemen callers on one Sunday afternoon because he reminds her of the life she once had, carefree a ND filled with affections and the attention of gentlemen callers. Another symbol is flowers, articulacy jonquils because Amanda always talks about them when mentioning her past. Lastly, t he apartments fire escape symbolizes the way for Amanda Winnfield to bring a man into the ho SE to save herself and her daughter from the fate Of becoming a spinster. She is always expecting g gentlemen callers to come and court Laura as they had when Amanda was her daughters age. Not one gentleman caller? It cant be true! There must be a flood, there must have been a tornado ! LAURA: It isnt a flood, its not a tornado, Mother. Im just not popular like you were in Blue Mountain (Williams, Scene I, Peg. 755). Vicar 3 The universal truth that learn from Williams The Glass Menagerie is that perhaps sadly, like Amanda, we all cling to the past, especially when we do not want to face reality or if We are in a difficult situation.

Female Genital Mutilation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Female Genital Mutilation - Research Paper Example The present research has identified that F. G. M is a procedure that has no health benefits on girls or woman, causes severe psychological and physiological problems and it is mostly practiced in Africa as a nonreligious, cultural ritual. Some scholars such as Elizabeth Bransfield in her case studies involving Female Genital Mutilation in Gender, Anthropology, and Religion argues that it is a religious ritual and cultural issue, while it is overlooked that the ritual has no medical reasons because the female body is adversely harmed. Psychologically, the victim of F.G.M suffers a lot of pain during the procedure which is done mostly in unhygienic conditions and without anesthetic. The removal of the clitoris to is painful due to its having a lot of nerve endings. Injury to the genital area could also scar the victim for life considering that the procedure is undertaken mostly unprofessionally, in poor lighting and at times in the bush. The thrashing, fearful and screaming victim coul d also aggravate the injuries due to the being done by personnel who are not trained in handling medical cases. Lack of medical facilities could also result in dire consequences including death in case of complications. Infection due to unhygienic procedures is a common feature due to the use of unhygienic tools, dirty herbs or untested traditional medicines. Death or very major medical complications conditions could result due to the many underlying conditions under which F.G.M is done. When the procedure involves infibulation, which involves the bidding of the legs for some time, urine and faces are retained in the wound and the damp conditions in the wound could develop into a very septic wound.

Buyers Behavior and Analsis Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Buyers Behavior and Analsis - Literature review Example Several constructs initiate, maintain and prolong the consumer-product relationship. Consumer Brand Relations The relationship between consumers and brands is one of the most influential forces in marketing. This explains the vast literature on the importance, concepts and nature of the consumer brand relationship. This review of literature explains the conceptualization and significance of consumer brand relationship, as envisioned by different authors. According to Patterson and O’Malley (2006), the relationship that exists between brands and consumers emanates from the acceptance of various ideals that brands posses and that are beneficial to the consumers. The concept of consumer relationship with particular brands emanates from the intrinsic satisfaction that consumers’ gain and the fulfillment of self. There is a notable increase in literature on brand-consumer relationship over the past decade as noted by Patterson and O’Malley (2006, p.10). The high numbe r of publications on brand-consumer relationship reiterates the considerable importance of the concept of relationship in branding. In the view of Patterson and O’Malley (2006, p.10), the concept of consumer behavior can well be understood through the exploration of brand consumer relations. Brand management is among the main considerations in promoting relationship marketing that depends on stable consumer relationships. Patterson and O’Malley (2006, p.12) explains the concept of brand relationship to surpass the mere identification of a brand with a producing company but the attachment of trusts, by consumers, to a brand. Regarding the relationship, the role of brand personality is invaluable in developing the trust that consumers have towards a brand. The existence of the relationship is a factor that is dependent on the extent of the growth of the brand, itself, and the increasing level of attractiveness associated with the brand. The concept of the relationship is that it develops overtime through improvement in features that brands bear and their appeal to consumers. There are diverse types and levels of the relationship between brands and consumers, as Patterson and O’Malley (2006, p.12) outlines. They explain the explicit interrelatedness between interpersonal relations and the concept of relationship between brands and loyalty of consumers. Such relations include the characters as love and passion that individuals attach to interpersonal relations and brand loyalty. The expression of self-connection with a brand and the extent of its initiation of satisfaction constitute one of the determinants of strong consumer brand relations, according to Patterson and O’Malley (2006, p.13). Interdependence that consumers perceive to gain from a brand is among the major determinants of strong brand consumer relations. Patterson and O’Malley (2006, p.13) identify intimacy as one of the greatest constructs related to strong consume r brand relations. This refers to the extent of knowledge that consumers have on the functionality of a brand. Another construct of a strong relationship between consumers and brands is the brand partner quality that entails the attribute that consumers attribute to their preferred brands. Brand personality is

Study Guide Essay Example for Free

Study Guide Essay Why is Fort Sumner signi? cant in relation to the Civil War? 2. List advantages held by the Confederates at the beginning of the Civil War? 3. List advantages held by the Union at the beginning of the Civil War? 4. Identify a copperhead. 5. Identify writ of habeas corpus. Why did President Lincoln suspend this during the war? 6. What were the three parts to the Union military strategy known as the anaconda plan? 7. Why was the confederate General Stonewall Jackson successful at the ? rst Battle of Bull Run? 8. Identify Union General, George McClellan 9. What was the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation? 0. Describe the Economy of the north during the Civil War. 11. List hardships experienced by soldiers during the Civil War? 12. What is Andersonville? 13. Who did President Lincoln name as commandeer of union troops from 1864 to the end of the war? 14. Why did General William Sherman burn the city of Atlanta in 1864? 15. Identify Sherman’s March to the Sea. 16. Describe â€Å"total war† 17. What did the Democratic platform consist of during the presidential election of 1864? 18. Why is Appomattox Courthouse signi? cant during the Civil War? 19. Who was the President of the United States during the Civil War? 20. How did John Wilkes Booth impact the history of the United States? 21. Identify the Battle of Shiloh. 22. Identify the Battle of Atlanta. 23. Identify the Battle of Antietam. 24. Identify the Battle of Gettysburg. 25. Identify the Battle of Vicksburg. 26. List characteristics of the Civil War. 27. What was the purpose for the Gettysburg Address? 28. Who was the President of the Confederate States of America? 29. List characteristics of the Union. 30. What was the signi? cance of the 54th Massachusetts during the Civil War? 31. List characteristics for Abraham Lincoln. 32. Know general facts about the Civil War.

Improper Waste Disposal Effects of

Improper Waste Disposal Effects of This research paper explores about waste management and effects of improper waste disposal. This paper defines and elaborates the importance of having waste hierarchy or the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) as the concept of waste management. In the resource article, they define waste management as recycling and monitoring of waste products. In other resources, they have the same definition. It also tells about the proper way of doing of waste hierarchy by giving examples. Different types and forms of waste are indicated in this paper. According to some articles that were read, human activities are the main cause of the calamity in our country. Ignorance of people brought large amount of garbage to our place. And since effects of improper waste management is the main topic, it gave emphasize to those effects according to the resource articles. Effects to humans and environment are cited in this paper. Proper waste management is not just doings of government for us but we are also assigne d to do it inside and outside our place for our safety. Each and every one of us must have sense of responsibility in terms of garbage disposal to prevent any disaster that might come. WASTE MANAGEMENT Waste Management refers to the recycling, processing, transport, assortment, and monitoring of waste products. The waste products are mainly of three types: solid, liquid or in gas state. Solid waste is known as non-biodegradable waste Materials and discards that come from sources like: Households Businesses and Commercial establishments Manufacturers or Industrial sites Biomedical sources like hospital and clinics. For Example: plastics, Styrofoam containers, bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash Solid wastes are generally composed or made of non-biodegradable and non-compostable Biodegradable materials. What is Pollution Caused by Solid Waste? Solid waste pollution caused when the environment is filled with non- biodegradable and Non- compostable biodegradable waste that is capable of emitting greenhouse gases, toxic fumes, and particulate matters as they accumulate in open landfills. These waste are also capable of leaching organic or chemical compositions to contaminate the ground where such waste lay in accumulation. Solid wastes thrown in streets, highways, and waterways can cause pollution when they are carried off by rainwater run-offs or by flood water to the main streams or drainage, as they contaminating residues will reach larger bodies of water. Liquid waste is waste in liquid form. For example: Domestic washing, chemicals, oils, waste water ponds, manufacturing industries, hospital waste, agricultural waste, nuclear waste and other resources. What Is Pollution Caused by Liquid Waste? Cause by flows out as waste waters from the toilets, kitchens and bathrooms of residential houses, toilets and canteens of commercial establishments. Such wastewater is termed as sewage. (Pongrà ¡cz, 2002) Concepts of waste management Human activities also donate to increase the waste. Different process are used to handle each state. There are lots of concepts about waste management which differ in their usage as per the varying regions or countries. Some of the widely used concepts include waste hierarchy: reduce, reuse, and recycle. II. STATISTICS OF WASTE PER DAY According to MMDA Chairman Francis Tolentino, they have collected over 1,000 tons of garbage in just 4 days. They have dredged 1,200 tons of garbage from the eight creeks that scope of their flood control management. The highest volume of garbage according to them came from Pinagsabugan and Longos creeks in Malabon. Its about 76 over 173 truckloads of waste. Imagine the volume of garbage in just only eight creeks. How about the total of volume of waste in the Philippines? In just statistics, we can see what calamity it can cause when these garbage are not being collected. III. FORMS OF WASTE There are two forms of Garbage: Bio-degradable and Non- Biodegradable. Biodegradable is known as materials that decompose through by of bacteria, fungi, and other living organisms. In everyday living substances that are biodegradable or can be degraded include food refuse, dried leaves, grass clippings, woods, animal, human flesh and others. Non-Biodegradable is materials that do not decompose or cannot be degraded for so many years. This form of garbage is the main reason of the clogging of drainage. Waste Hierarchy is the only way to avoid these: reduce, reuse, and recycle. Common examples of non-biodegradable garbage are plastics, bottles, old machine, cans, Styrofoam containers and others. Most plastics are made of petroleum-based, meaning they are made from oil and other petroleum substances. Until recently, plastics have been non-biodegradable. IV. SEGREGATION OF WASTE Segregation is specifically separation of garbage according to their groups. It is easily for them to manage the recycling process of the garbage. This way the waste hierarchy is needed, the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). The first R is reducing. Waste reduction is conservation- using natural resources in right manner, and using things less than they usually do to avoid large amount of waste in future. They can practice reduction of waste through buying products that do not need to be added to waste stream in general. They can start making wise package selection. Second R is for reusing. They can reuse materials from their original form rather than throw it. They may not cost much to replace, but at least, number of waste will be decreased. Instead of buying new durable materials (washing machine, dryers, refrigerator, etc.) when the old one breaks or damaged, why not repair? Or maybe they can give it to those who can use it. Most of the times the item can be repair by those people. That is also form of reusing. New is not always better, nor it is always necessary. They can save money and they will be helping their environment. Last R stands for recycling. Do not just toss everything in the trash. Lots of things such as cans, bottles, paper, and cardboard can be remade into either the same kind of thing or even new products. Making new items from recycled ones also takes less energy and fewer resources than making products from brand new materials. There is nothing wrong with it. Recycling is not impossible. In fact, it is very easy to do. Do not throw anything that can be recycled. Here is a list of things you may be able to recycle: Writing/Copy Paper Glass (particularly bottles and jars) Cardboard Electronic equipment Glass (particularly bottles and jars) Magazines Metal Newspaper Steel Cans (Rudnitsky..nd) Grocerys Plastic Bags Plastic Bottles Paper Aluminum cans Damaged or corroded roof VHS tapes Old toys (you can donate it) Tires Car battery Scrap wood or furniture They can use their imaginations in order to create new usable materials. There is so much we can do with every little effort. And most important, we can save ourselves and a lot of money when we are at it. Determine the things that must be reduced, keep those can be reuse, and set aside those can be recycled. In that case, we can avoid so many disasters that might come. V. CAUSES Contributing causes of improper waste management are: Ignorance: Ignorance of people about proper waste disposal. People are unaware of consequence of their unwise acts. Laziness: Can cause improper garbage disposal because People not following the correct rules of proper waste disposal their always throw it what place they want and they have no care what will be the effect of it. Greed: Can cause improper garbage disposal for example burning of tires of wheel and plastic instead of keeping it or trade the excess automobile car tires to maximize on it. VI. EFFECTS OF IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL Affects our health Like lung diseases, Heart problems, skin irritation, problem or abnormality in breathing and more. Affects our coastal and marine environment Hazardous waste, if dumped into the environment, leeches into the ground and the ground water. The ground water is used for lots of things you may not realize, like watering the local fields, which grow the food people eat. And worst part is most communities get their drinking water from down there, too. Like in marine environment improper waste disposal can affect too like floating of contaminated killed fish in the sea and due to excessive excretion of the sea can be infested by mosquitoes that may scattered to numerous diseases in humans and can cause death of hundreds of people living near it like Manila bay. Affects our climate As some waste decomposes, it releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Like trapping of heat on earth that may effect of abnormality of weather condition like more storm or typhoon coming per year is happening until now. The earth is suffering it already. Air pollution The open burning of waste causes air pollution or greenhouse effect. For example burning of rubber and plastic. Landfill gas (which is produced by the decomposition of wastes) which can be explosive and may harm people around on it if it is allowed to accumulate in confined spaces (such as the cellars of buildings). Methane gas (one of the main components of landfill gas) is much more effective than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas, leading to climate change that may effect of destruction of atmosphere of the earth or abnormality of weather condition. Fires on disposal sites can cause major air pollution, causing illness like cancer and reducing visibility or may lead in eye irritating thus making disposal sites dangerously unstable. May cause explosions of cans, and possibly spreading to adjacent properties. Soil contamination Soil contamination is caused by the presence of man-made chemicals, the softness of the ground, having smelly soil vapor and other alteration in the natural soil environment. This type of contamination typically arises from the leaching of wastes from landfills or incorrect disposal of industrial wastes to the soil. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead and other heavy metals. Human Health Impacts The group at risk from the unscientific disposal of solid waste includes the population in areas where there is no proper waste disposal method or no proper disposal area, especially the pre-school children; waste workers; and workers in facilities producing toxic and infectious material. Other high-risk group includes population living close to a waste dump and those, whose water supply has become contaminated either due to waste dumping or leakage from landfill sites. Infections to humans Skin irritations and blood infections resulting from direct contact with waste, and transmitting bacteria from waste to infected wounds. Eye irritations and respiratory malfunctions resulting from exposure to infected dust, especially during the process of disposing garbage. Pest and Insects that carry bacteria comes from dirty waste: a. Flies breed in some constituents of solid wastes, and flies are very effective vectors that can spread disease to humans. b. Mosquitoes breed in blocked drains and in rainwater or dirty seas that is retained in discarded tires, cans and other objects. Mosquitoes spread disease, including malaria and dengue that killed thousands of people in every year. c. Rats find shelter and food in waste dumps and canals. Rats consume and spoil food and can damage the crops of farmers or crops of people that have business on it, spread disease, damage electrical cables and other materials and inflict unpleasant bites to humans. (Sisa,2009) VII. CONCLUSION It is very sad to know that many lives have been sacrificed because of these calamities that have come. Many places in the Philippines are down to flood every time when typhoon comes. And worst, a large number of families have lost their shelters and have nothing left for them. Their wealth was ruined by those storms, floods, etc. We are experiencing very hot weather because of greenhouse effect and global warming. Many kinds of diseases occur because of untidy surroundings. Others can no longer smell the breath of fresh air. All of these are the effects of improper waste management. There are still many of them actually. Imagine a single piece of candy wrapper can cause a flood to a certain area when you throw it anywhere and others do it also. One car can cause air pollution for it emits smoke. A single lighted cigarette also will do. Dynamite fishing can not only kill fish and corals, but also those who will eat it because of the chemical came from the dynamite they used. These ar e all cause by human activities. And now they are asking themselves why it is happening to them? Others have the guts to accuse our government for poor response. How pathetic! Yes, our government has their own failures but they are not only the one to blame. Ask yourself first how much waste you throw anywhere you want before blaming others. Only immature people will think that they are innocent on what is happening to our country in terms of improper waste management. Proper waste management can be successfully done not only by the program of the government. We can also do it inside and outside our place. If we know how to use it by the concept of waste hierarchy, fewer problems will be encountered. Stop barking at the people and do our thing first. The cleanliness and orderliness of our country is in the hands of every Filipino. Let be our doings be the model of proper waste management.

Genentech Case Study

Overview: Genentech Company is facing a lot of problems and difficulties in order to implement and incorporate best technologies for future growth regarding uncertain future of its cancer drugs. The senior vice president of product David Ebersman along with his team is busy outlining the best approach to it. Central Issue: What measures should Genentech employ or implement in order to increase their production and manufacturing capacity to meet the future anticipated and predicted demands over the next 2 to 3 years for a family of new cancer drug? Recommended courses of action: They should try to further improve the current process by boosting throughput. Try to build relationships with other manufacturers and additional companies to meet the Excess demands by negotiating contracts and agreements. Start searching for economical and strategic locations for building up of new manufacturing plant. It’s important to keep looking for space and be ready with a blue print of an additional facility. Try to stay away from messing up with FDA regulations by avoiding long period revalidation. Focus should be laid on fully completing the CCP2 at Vacaville. Basis for recommendations: There is no proper assurance of a continuous growth and increase in sales by creating the CCP3 facility. The investment on implementing CCP3 is worth $600 million. And it is still not clear about the effectiveness and market response of Avastin. The drug could also result in failure and by investing CCP3 will surely cost us $6oo million. The golden rule for the moment is to wait and watch as sales are dependent on market response and there is point investing $600 million with hinting success. Moreover, the location at Vacaville won’t be able to withstand the additional load of CCP3, if we built it on the same location alongside CCP2, which is not fully completed. The process and work force will be at risk of mounted pressure and in turn new employees that might be hired could hurt the comfort levels of existing employees for some time. As the drug is in premature stage it is very risky to play with the existing location and employees. Instead areas like capacity expansion should be researched as it will be costing way less than building up new unit. Also, external cost effective and superior contract manufacturing deals could be stuck from outer suppliers and manufacturers to speed up operation and demands. Through proper research and planning there are incredible chances of improving certain process. They can increase the capacity by 20% by making three changes; by monitoring the raw material to minimize contagion, checking involvement in production process, tightly sealing of the pieces of equipment. Once CCP2 is fully completed the production capacity will tremendously increase. A plan and strategy should be devised to look at cheap, resourceful locations for building new plants and be ready with an action plan. Also, efforts should be laid on hunting technical and cheap labor for building of new plant. Significant factors: Expensive venture CCP3 as building new plant will cost over $600 million. Challenge of facilitating two simultaneous projects. (CCP2 and CCP3 at Vacaville) Uncertain scale and scope of future demand for Avastin. There is a risk of losing profit margins and gloomy sales forecast isn’t helping the cause. Management facing a dilemma and challenge in how to run at large capacity Quality control issues in large capacity.

Compare the way love is presented in ‘Valentine’ and ‘Sonnet130’ Essay

Compare and contrast the way in which love is presented in the poems ‘valentine’ by Carol Ann Duffy and ‘sonnet 130’ by William Shakespeare. In this essay I am going to compare and contrast the way in which love is presented in the poems ‘valentine’ by Carol Ann Duffy and ‘sonnet 130’ by William Shakespeare. I will be drawing links of comparison and will explain the similarities and differences between them. The first poem ‘valentine’ was written by Carol Ann Duffy. It has no set rhythmic pattern and the stanzas are all different lengths. There are 7 stanzas in total. The title of the poem Valentine’ sounds very romantic and suggests that the poem is about hearts and roses and other items linked with the word valentine, however, once the first line is read this assumption is wiped away. The word satin from the first line ‘not a red rose or a satin heart’ immediately makes the reader think of a romantic gift that is soft to the touch and quite luxurious. However the line starts with ‘not’ suggesting that she is not going to give her lover a normal valentine present. This line is on its own which could mean that it is important and has been left on its own to stand out to the reader. The second stanza then starts by saying ‘I give you an onion. It is a moon wrapped in brown paper’. The writer uses juxtaposition to compare an onion to a ‘moon wrapped in brown paper’. The onion represents love and is symbolic and carol Ann Duffy makes the onion seem like a very special thing rather than just an onion. By saying that it is a ‘moon wrapped in brown paper’ it makes it sound like a present or a package waiting to be unwrapped. The next line ‘it promises light’ then goes back to the moon and light is normally seen as a special and good thing which represents their relationship. The stanza then ends by saying ‘like the careful undressing of love’. This is an effective way of ending the stanza as she connects the onion to their relationship. This is because by saying ‘careful undressing’ she is referring to the layers of an onion whereas by mentioning love it goes back to their relationship and how there are different stages or ‘layers’ to it. The third stanza starts with a one worded line-‘Here’. This is short and concise and calls the reader’s attention away from the description of the onion and starts to say what the onion would do. The next line, ‘It will blind you with tears like a lover’, connects the onion to love and compares the way an onion makes you cry to how love can make you cry. The word ‘blind’ is used as when people cry their eyesight becomes blurred and put off. The stanza ends by saying ‘it will make your reflection a wobbling photo of grief’. This is because when you have been or are about to cry water build up in your eyes and makes you vision go wobbly and blurred. The next two stanzas are each only one line. The first reads ‘I am trying to be truthful’. The word ‘trying’ suggests that it is the thought that counts and her gift of an onion has a lot of importance. ‘Truthful’ could indicate that she wants to give a present that means more than a typical valentine present. The second stanza ‘not a cute card or a kissogram’ is also only one line. This could be because the writer wanted to make an impact on the reader and wanted the line to stand out. The line links to the first stanza of the poem through the repetition of the word ‘not’. It is also saying the same thing – that she is not giving her lover a typical valentine gift, such as a ‘cute card’ which holds no importance or meaning. The sixth stanza begins with the use of repetition as it repeats the line ‘I give you an onion’ used in the beginning of the poem and refers back to the poems meaning. It could also suggest that carol Ann Duffy felt strongly about giving the onion and it held a lot of importance to her. The next line ‘its fierce kiss will stay on your lips’ implies the onion brings everlasting love. The word ‘fierce’ relates Duffy’s passion to her lover, with an onion and by using the word ‘kiss’ she brings a romantic and passionate atmosphere to the stanza. The taste of an onion is sharp and stays on the lips for a long time, similarly to a kiss which is remembered and can be felt on your lips a long time after as it is an important part of the relationship. The following line is only three words ‘possessive and faithful’ and is describing the kiss using very powerful adjectives that make an impact on the reader. She is saying that it is not an ordinary kiss but one with a deeper meaning which relates to an onion and how it leaves a strong taste on your lips. Duffy ends the stanza with ‘as we are, as long as we are’ stating that she hopes her love will last forever however know that it may not. The final stanza of the poem starts with a short line that reads ‘take it’. This is left on its own to stand out to the reader and is in a commanding tone. It shows that it is important to Duffy that her lover takes the onion. The consecutive line ‘its platinum loops shrink to a wedding ring’ refer to the loops of an onion that get smaller as you go up the onion. By using the word ‘platinum’ which is very precious she is making the onion seem much more valuable than it is. ‘If you like’ then changes the tone of the poem as she is giving her lover a choice whereas in the first line she was ordering him. The nest line ‘lethal’ is saying that love can be dangerous and it has been left on its own to stand out to the reader. The final two lines are ‘its scent will cling to you fingers, Cling to your knife. The word ‘cling’ sounds like it will not let go. The next poem, sonnet 130, was written by William Shakespeare. Unlike ‘valentine’ there is a set rhythmic pattern in the beginning of the poem (ABABCDCDEFEFetc.) however changes to rhyming couplets in the last two lines to make them stand out and show their importance to the reader. ‘Sonnet 130’ like ‘valentine’ also compares love with strange objects for example; he describes his mistress’s hair as ‘black wires’ which is not normally associated with beauty. It suggests that her hair is thick and wiry. Throughout the poem he criticises her in this way. By doing this he could be suggesting that beauty isn’t only skin deep and there is more to a relationship than looks. He believes that his love for her is rare and he accepts how she looks in an honest way because he loves her. Shakespeare also uses strong and powerful words, like ‘valentine’, however uses it differently. While Duffy uses words such as ‘possessive’ to describe an onion, Shakespeare uses words like ‘snow’ or ‘roses’ which create imagery. These words can be used by the reader to create their own image in their mind. Most of the words he uses such as ‘sun’, ‘snow’ or ‘roses’ represent good things and relate to happiness. However he says that his lover is the opposite of all theses things and therefore the reader creates a negative image of his lover in their head. He also uses juxtaposition but in a different way to carol Ann Duffy. Duffy uses juxtaposition by comparing love with an onion throughout the poem however in ‘sonnet 130’ Shakespeare uses juxtaposition in each line, contrasting objects with positive imagery with his mistress however saying that she is the opposite of them, for example, ‘but no such roses see I in her cheeks’. Shakespeare juxtaposes beauty to ugliness which makes this line effective. This contrast changes the tone of the poem. Roses are used to represent beauty and delicateness, however Shakespeare juxtaposes this by saying the woman does not remind him of roses. This suggests that his mistress is not beautiful. To conclude, I feel that ‘valentine’ was a much more effective poem as Duffy managed to get a lot of meaning out of just an onion and she used a lot of powerful language such as ‘possessive’. She also used many metaphors and similes and although the poem did not rhyme, the range and different lengths of stanzas had a good effect as it made certain things stand out. ‘Sonnet 130’ was also an enjoyable poem to read as it had a good rhythm throughout and had a lot of deep meanings to it. It also had good use of juxtaposition and the words used helped created imagery inside the readers mind. However, it was not as interesting as ‘valentine’ and did not express as much emotion.

Micro financing your content strategy

Micro financing your content strategy Blogs are proliferating at the astounding rate of over 100,000 per day. They reflect both the both urge to communicate and the changing face of marketing. Funding a blog can be challenging, especially when you are starting out. However, micro-financing web content promotion is possible – so micro that it could be free!Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Micro financing your content strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More You may be blogging for the sheer joy of sharing your ideas, or to mobilize action on a favorite cause. Alternatively, you could be blogging for pay, promoting something you or someone else sells. Commercial blog is a growing category. These days, almost any product, service, or cause should probably have an associated website and blog to let prospective customers or supporters know about it. Such commercial blogging’s growth reflects drastic changes in marketing. Many traditional chan nels for promotion such as network (and even cable) television, print periodicals, and broadcast radio, are giving way to online alternatives. Even print Yellow Pages effectiveness has fallen prey to the switch away from landlines (up to 75% of some demographic groups). These factors pose a challenge for you as a blogger. You face a challenge in alerting your target audience that your expertise exists. Your audience also needs to be able to find you from any and all devices. This, then, is where promoting your website content (as differentiated from promoting your product, idea, service, or cause, which the blog itself accomplishes) becomes crucial. How can you promote your website content cheaply? Some tools cost quite a bit, but others, happily, require no expenditure except of your time, energy, good writing, and marketing acumen. The most fashionable buzzword in web content promotion right now is ‘native advertising’. No less an eminence than the New York Times has announced native advertising for their online edition. A separate writing and production studio will ensure that only high quality â€Å"continuously scrolling multimedia storytelling pagesâ€Å" will accompany hard news, and look like them too, while promoting the advertiser.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This disturbingly parallels science fiction’s dystopian vision of future ads irritatingly tailored to a reader’s idiosyncratic preferences. Native advertising, however, while definitely cutting edge, still seems a bit high end, and you probably don’t possess a fully equipped studio like the Grey Lady of journalism! Now, can you accomplish something similar for little or no money? Yes, and here are several rules of thumb to keep your own website busily promoting itself. You need to generate content that is worth reading: If your blog pro motes without cessation, it will be decidedly unappealing. The challenge is to find new ways – consistently to discuss topics related to your website content in ways that are useful to your readers. Solve problems, illuminate unanswered questions, untangle unresolved mysteries, amuse, instruct, and point your reader in new and hopeful, helpful directions. A really useful web page, like Thomas the Tank’s ‘really useful engine’, will be a happy place to which a reader will wish to return frequently. You need to learn what content your readers want so you can promote it better: This involves using social media to the maximum to connect with your readers. You can talk about your blog on Facebook, LinkedIn, and let your readers talk about it too. Just be careful not to impose on your contacts. This sort of interaction with your audience is termed SMO, or Social Media Optimization. You need to make yourself findable via SEO The web’s spider bots need you r help to find you. Use best SEO techniques to give them ample signals of your presence. Exploit all potential spots in your website to cleverly slide in keywords. Keyword choice is its own science, and it requires that you know what your readers are seeking (see above regarding reader interaction).Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Micro financing your content strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Opportunities to feature your keywords pop up in a variety of places. These could include: Title tag The META description tag – in the first 150 characters META keywords tag In headers and sub headers within the body of the text Content itself, with a density of no more than 3-5% keywords, with a ratio of one page of content for one keyword. Any text you have hyperlinked The ‘breadcrumbs’ you included to remind readers how they got to this page, e.g., writing/editing- resumes- prices Alt attribute s – these describe embedded images for those readers who are using accessibility software Title attributes – These clarify what an HTML element in your webpage does File names, whether of images or other files embedded in your webpage. In anything you do using SEO, you need to avoid imposing on your readers with too many keywords to allow for readability. The task of SEO-oriented copy-writing is not, by the way, a universal talent. There is no shame in not being able to create graceful text incorporating keywords attractively and unobtrusively. You can get help on this task from a global pool of talented writers, at shamefully low rates of pay. The important function of promoting your web content can be micro-financed. If you can afford native advertising on other webpages – wonderful. However, cheaper options exist. You will need to invest some energy and creativity, and exploit all the available SEO and SMO tools, but the result – increasing traffic, s hould be worth the investment.

5 Myths about an Essay Writer Who Does Model Papers for You

5 Myths about an Essay Writer Who Does Model Papers for You 5 Myths about an Essay Writer Who Does Model Papers for You Have you ever wondered what an essay writer has in terms of qualifications? Many students are curious about hiring an essay writer but they are hesitant because of the many myths out there relating to the services they provide. There are 5 myths which will be debunked for you about an essay writer who does model papers for you: All Writers Are from India While it is true that there are many writers from India who handle model papers on behalf of students, not all writers come from that area. In fact, many writing services allow students to choose between native speakers and non-native speakers. Native speakers are generally more expensive while non-native speakers are cheaper. Those who fall under the category of non-native writers do not come necessarily from India but might be from Pakistan, Bangladesh, or Kenya. These are all popular places for non-native speakers to work online. Essay Writers Have Bad English It is not fair to state that any writer you select online will have bad English. There are many who do, but you need to carefully choose a custom writing service with good reviews, good feedback, good experience, and writers who have an extensive resume as a part of the company. Writers, who have extensive experience in the academic field, and positive feedback from happy clients, will have good English skills and are typically native speakers. Writers Don’t Make Any Changes This is not necessarily true. It happens with bad services and companies which fail to offer comprehensive and experienced providers. But those companies which are good will make changes if you ask them, and, in fact, many services have substantial revision policies as a part of the original agreement which means that a custom writer is required to provide you with the revisions you want. Writers Give Pre-Written Essays If you select a good writing service as well as a great writer, they will make sure that you get a high quality essay which has been written from scratch. Essay Writers Take Little Money for Their Work If you really want an experienced writer, you will have to pay for the cost of high quality work. If you are paying a cheap price, it is probably for a pre-written essay. So be prepared to get high quality work at a price. That being said, there are many writing services which offer custom essay writers who are qualified, provide unique papers, and speak English as their native language. It is really up to you to search for the best companies available based on reputation and experience before you hand over your payment for a model paper.

Public Relations Issue Tracking on Current Event Topic Essay

Public Relations Issue Tracking on Current Event Topic - Essay Example The first nominee of President Bush for this post was Harriet Myers, White House counsel and this led to charges of cronyism. Her confirmation process in the Senate ran into rough weather with some of the supporters of President Bush backing off. In this scenario Harriet Myers was forced to withdraw and despite the claims from the White House it was a clear sign of retreat. (Miers withdraws Supreme Court nomination). President Bush has now nominated Samuel Alito, a conservative jurist functioning at the Philadelphia based Third U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, for the post of Supreme Court Justice. (Alex, L. (2005). Nominee). This nomination is going to face a tough time too at the confirmation process in the Senate, as the Democrats having tasted blood once are going to try again. (Zuckman, J. (2005). Democrats signal Alito faces rockier confirmation process). The Role of Public Relations: The focus of the attack from the Democrats will be on the Samuel Alito’s views on religion and more so on abortion. (Alex, L. (2005). Alito battle will focus on abortion and religion). The other area of likely attack is in civil rights. (Kirkpatrick, D.D. (2005). White House Says Alito Was Assuring on Districting). Religion, abortion and civil rights are three important areas of public opinion and it is clear that the opposition intends using public relations to raise public opinion to defeat the nomination process of Samuel Alito in the Senate. In addition the opposition is also likely to turn public opinion against this nomination.

Poverty has been a big economic problem in the world Term Paper

Poverty has been a big economic problem in the world - Term Paper Example Taking for instance, lack of income is brought out as poverty, but it is unreliable to measure. It may also be related to consumption. Poverty is mostly what is seen to be and what has been measured. The comparisons of these provide a scope that has an endless debate. Another angle can be taken as material lack or want. In this, it tries to refer to little wealth or lack of some of assets like shelter, clothing, TV’s and radios. The other definition refers to the deprivation in capability, so much focusing in what one can and what one cannot do or cannot be. This goes beyond the lack of want to further include the physical capabilities or even the self respect from the society. [Squire, L, 1993] In this era, where there is a global meltdown, the evil, which is breeding in most of nations, has increased poverty levels among people. The world is now faced with a condition where the rich are getting richer while the poor are continuously getting poorer. The global cause of povert y is less talked about and, therefore, very little has been done as a direct strategy in alleviating this poverty directly. There are interconnections, which are assured by the globalizations as well as the rules. Also, practices and the judgments that apply internationally count in these interconnections. These are mostly from the leaders of the affluent countries or the major global actors like the international organizations, corporations and the powerful people. With such manipulation from the global leaders, the governments of those who are underprivileged and the people who are in them are so much helpless in alleviating the poverty that affects them. It is in this that one sees many of the people struggling for survival while the few continue enjoying the riches at the expense of many. The statistics on poverty show that even in nations like the US, which are developed, 15 to 25 percent constitutes of poor people. They are not able to provide for basic needs like food, shelte r and these have high populations. Where there are many adults and children as well. Most of the population lives below a dollar a day. 2. Discuss the major impact to society of the problem The society has been affected by poverty in a very great way. Poverty as seen has deeper roots that if not uprooted properly, will lead to a cycle of poverty better known as the vicious poverty cycle. It is a process of activities that are in a cause and effect state. The sociological readings have revealed that poverty is transferred from one generation to another, from family values, from these routines and standards of living, which leave little room for development and which are beyond anyone’s day to day operations. The situation of a family inclined towards a moment to moment viewpoint. The main concern, which is to provide for food and shelter, has been the major concern. Being able to provide a better habitat for the children to live in, being self sufficient and having futuristic plans are very vital. The effect as of poverty has been seen to have the same effects as the consequences of not gratifying the needs of the individuals. It has been noted that the poor are mostly emaciated and unwell. They mostly live in under standard conditions. Poverty leads to drug abuse and addictions that affect the health of the people involved. The poor are not able to afford the drugs that are needed to cure the diseases that are affecting them. [IMF, 2001] They end up using those that have been left out.

Against gun control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Against gun control - Research Paper Example Gun tragedies are frequently taking place throughout the world. Research indicates that only in United States of America the rate of gun homicides is 72% i.e. of every 100 homicides 72 are committed using guns (Stray). There are some people who are actually against the control of guns. Though they are very few in numbers yet their argument is far substantial as compared to those who are in favor of it. This paper aims to put forward the arguments from both sides while maintaining a firm position against it. Thesis Gun control is a significant need of today’s world in order to protect and safeguard humanity. However if one would closely analyze the overall situation then it is easy to identify that the real issue is not with the access and availability of guns, but rather the main problem is with the people and their peculiar mentality which compels them to harm or kill others. Therefore the present strategies related to gun control do not seem much beneficial and neither have they shown any decrease in the rate of crimes. People in favor of gun control usually emphasize upon the affects and influence of external environment. However, they neglect the fact that most of the human actions are driven by an internal force or motivation which is not only uncontrollable but it is also only under the influence of one’s mind. Therefore it would be more favorable to change the overall mindset of people rather than implementing laws regarding gun control through an outside force. Evidence In order to understand the concept of gun control and why few individuals stand against this argument, it is substantial to first look at why the government agencies want to remove guns from the society. The answer to this lies in the current statistics of homicides and other criminal activities such as bank robbery, theft, kidnapping, etc. Guns are largely considered to facilitate the overall crimes especially homicide because of its distinguishing features (Myers). For in stance, it is significantly easier for a gun holder to kill someone from a distance. Similarly it is a very handy weapon which can be easily kept in pockets or in bags. People who are shot by these guns due to any reason undergo serious injuries which prove fatal most of the times. Therefore the legislation is forced to remove guns from societies and to limit its use so as to grant maximum protection to the citizens. However, the most important point which they fail to consider is the hidden mentality and the real attitude of people which compels them to get indulged into such crimes. For instance, if an individual has determined to kill someone then he could do that through a knife or other weapons as well, representing that guns are not a necessary element of criminal acts. This indicates that it is far better to work on the mentality and human nurture rather than gun control since the former would generate more substantial results on long term basis. Research and analysis of the subject clearly indicates that people who are in practice of using guns are of the point of view that the use of gun is actually not the real issue rather the problem lies in the attitude of people (Sherfinski). Gun possession and its use to save the dignity of an individual is the most significant constitutional right. However with the legislation of gun control, this right of the population is challenged while the real issue remains the same i.e. the ever increasing rate of crime. The seemingly simple elimination of guns from the society is in real the removal of protection and liberty of masses which will

How Cleanliness Affects the Life of an Individual Essay Example for Free

How Cleanliness Affects the Life of an Individual Essay The significance of cleanliness and hygiene cannot be overlooked by any society. Every faith and civilisation stresses the importance of cleanliness. Historically, cleanliness has been considered one of the important factors by which to judge a civilisation’s or society’s development. Islam places great emphasis on cleanliness and purity, both physically and spiritually. In Islam, spiritual purity is linked to physical cleanliness and purity. More impor tantly, cleanliness is termed an indispensable fundamental of faith. However, this fundamental and powerful tenet of our faith, unfortunately, is not reflected in our society practically. Serious reflection is required on our individual as well as collective practices in order to make this valuable principle of Islam part of our lives. There are many verses in the Holy Quran which reflect the importance of cleanliness. For example, Allah says â€Å"†¦Truly, Allah loves those who turn to Him constantly and He loves those who keep themselves pure and clean† (2:222). In the Quran worship and seeking Allah’s love is conditioned with cleanliness and purity as the Holy Book says â€Å"†¦In it [mosque] are men who love to clean and to purify themselves. And Allah loves those who make themselves clean and pure† (9:108). Furthermore, in one of his sayings the Holy Prophet (PBUH) has termed cleanliness as half of faith. The above few examples from the Holy Quran and sayings of the Holy Prophet reveal that without cleanliness of our body and environment, one cannot receive the proximity of Allah spiritually and most importantly, faith cannot be completed in the absence of cleanliness and purity. Much is said rhetorically about cleanliness in our society but practically its application is missing. A quick observation can reveal how insensitive a culture we have developed regarding cleanliness and hygiene. Throwing garbage in the streets, roads or parks has become a common practice in our society. In public places dustbins are seldom found. Even if dustbins are installed, people do not use them properly. Rather, they prefer to throw garbage outside them. It is also observed that people clean their homes and shops and throw the garbage on the street without considering its implications. It is evident that even students of elite schools throw garbage on the ground even in the presence of garbage bins. This shows our attitude towards cleanliness and hygiene. Another habit that is commonly found in our society is spitting openly. People spit paan from running vehicles without considering the pedestrians walking on the road. This practice not only affects the environment but is also an eyesore. Another area that needs consideration is the horrible condition of public toilets. The shortage of public toilets is a big challenge, hence people are compelled to use open spaces to answer the call of nature. The toilets that do exist are in such pathetic condition that one cannot use them. There are many other examples which can be cited to indicate the pathetic condition of cleanliness and hygiene in our society. Hence, conscious efforts are needed to tackle this issue. There is a dire need to educate and sensitise people about the importance of cleanliness in light of our faith. In this regard social institutions such as educational institutions, the media and religious institutions can play a vital role. It is essential to provide civic education in order to train the younger generations of a society. In Pakistan, the education system needs to transform its practices. Teaching and learning material regarding cleanliness and hygiene should be included in the curriculum and textbooks. Educational institutions should demonstrate cleanliness in their premises. To train young people schools should involve students in cleaning their schools, homes and environment and highlight proper sanitary practices. The use of dustbins should be strictly followed in the school premises. Secondly, the media can be a powerful source to educate and sensitise the masses about the importance of cleanliness and disadvantages of an unhygienic way of life. It should focus on both the good as well as unhygienic practices in our society. Thirdly, religious institutions such as mosques and madressahs can also play their part in educating the people about the importance of cleanliness in the light of Islamic teachings. Furthermore, the role and commitment of the government cannot be overlooked in maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in society. The government’s will is very crucial in making policies and implementing them at the grass-roots level. The government can play an important role in cleaning areas, installing dustbins, collecting garbage and enforcing laws against littering etc. The importance of cleanliness cannot be ignored in individual as well as communal life. On one hand it is an important factor for human health and spiritual development; on the other hand it is essential for environmental development. By adopting a clean and hygienic lifestyle, a valuable amount can also be saved where health issues are concerned. A clean and healthy life helps in refining the culture of a society and reflects in every aspect of life such as art, architecture, food, music and so on. Ultimately, it leads towards a higher level of civilisation. Islam has put unique emphasis on the importance of cleanliness by making it a part of faith. Hence, there is a dire need to make conscious efforts in educating the people about the importance of cleanliness. In this regard, serious steps are required at multiple levels to make this precious value of our faith part of our individual and collective lives. Cleanliness  is both the  abstract  state of being clean and free from  dirt, and the process of achieving and maintaining that state. Cleanliness may be endowed with a moral quality, as indicated by the  aphorism  cleanliness is next to  godliness,[1]  and may be regarded as contributing to other ideals such as  health  andbeauty. In emphasizing an ongoing procedure or set of habits for the purpose of maintenance and prevention, the concept of cleanliness differs from  purity[disambiguation needed], which is a physical, moral, or ritual state of freedom from pollutants. Whereas purity is usually a quality of an individual or substance, cleanliness has a social dimension, or implies a system of interactions. [2]  Cleanliness, observed  Jacob Burckhardt, is indispensable to our modern notion of social perfection. [3]  A household or workplace may be said to exhibit cleanliness, but not ordinarily purity; cleanliness also would be a characteristic of the people who maintain cleanness or prevent dirtying. On a practical level, cleanliness is thus related to  hygiene  and disease prevention. Washing  is one way of achieving physical cleanliness, usually with  water  and often some kind of  soap  ordetergent. Procedures of cleanliness are of utmost importance in many forms of manufacturing. As an assertion of moral superiority or respectability, cleanliness has played a role in establishing cultural values in relation to  social class,  humanitarianism, and  cultural imperialism.